Few gems evoke the elegance and timelessness of the pearl. As one of June’s three official birthstones, the pearl stands out for its unique origin, rich history, and soft iridescence. Unlike most gemstones formed in the earth’s crust, pearls are the only gems created by living organisms—mollusks—making them a marvel of nature and a symbol of purity and grace.
History of Pearls
Pearls have been treasured for thousands of years. Some of the earliest records of pearls come from ancient Mesopotamia and China, where they were considered symbols of status and spirituality as early as 2300 BC. In ancient Egypt, pearls were buried with the dead as symbols of wealth for the afterlife, while in classical Rome, pearls were so highly valued that Julius Caesar passed a law allowing only the ruling class to wear them.
During the Renaissance and into the Victorian era, pearls were a favorite among royalty and aristocrats. Before the discovery of cultured pearls in the early 20th century, natural pearls were extraordinarily rare and expensive—often more valuable than diamonds. These “gems of the sea” became associated with purity, innocence, and femininity, making them a traditional choice for brides and significant milestones.
How Pearls Are Formed
Pearls form inside mollusks—typically oysters or mussels—when an irritant such as a grain of sand or parasite becomes trapped within the shell. In response, the mollusk secretes layers of nacre (a crystalline substance also known as mother-of-pearl) around the irritant, eventually creating a smooth, lustrous gem.
Today, most pearls on the market are cultured, meaning they are farmed with human assistance by intentionally introducing an irritant into the mollusk. Cultured pearls are still genuine, but their controlled environment makes them more accessible than natural pearls, which are now exceptionally rare.
Types of Pearls
-
Akoya Pearls: Classic white pearls with high luster, often used in traditional strands.
-
Freshwater Pearls: Cultivated in lakes and rivers, they come in a wide variety of shapes and colors.
-
Tahitian Pearls: Exotic dark pearls, typically from black-lipped oysters in French Polynesia.
-
South Sea Pearls: Among the largest and most valuable, known for their white, silver, or golden tones.
Symbolism and Meaning
Pearls symbolize purity, wisdom gained through experience, and emotional balance. In many cultures, they are thought to attract luck, protection, and calming energy. They are also believed to strengthen relationships and are often gifted during weddings, anniversaries, or other significant life moments.
Pearl Jewelry at Johnston Jewelers
At Johnston Jewelers, we offer a curated selection of elegant pearl jewelry, from classic pearl strands and drop earrings to modern designs that blend tradition with contemporary style. Whether you’re honoring a June birthday or seeking a meaningful gift, pearls make a timeless statement that never goes out of style.
Care Tips
Pearls are softer and more delicate than other gemstones. Always store them separately from harder jewelry, avoid direct contact with perfumes or hairsprays, and gently wipe them with a soft cloth after wearing. With proper care, pearls can be heirlooms passed down for generations.